APEX1 and leishmaniasis: Importantly, earlier studies reported by our research group also indicated that other enzymes, e.g., tryparedoxin peroxidase and iron superoxide dismutase-A, have significant functions in the antioxidant defence and in the maintenance of antimony resistance in Leishmania. 28,30 Thus, our data contribute to understanding the participation of APX enzyme in the SbIII-resistance mechanism and direct the development of new strategies for leishmaniasis chemotherapy.