Since TGF‐β signalling plays a crucial role in fibrogenesis98, 99, 100, 101 and that HIF‐1α is the key mediator in chronic hypoxia‐induced renal injury,102, 103, 104, 105 and SUMO is now regarded as the putative regulator of both, it is reasonable to predict that SUMO could regulate the progression of renal fibrosis and CKD via these two pathways. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is renal fibrosis.