Meanwhile, TGF‐β/Smads pathway, which signals through Smad‐ and non‐Smad‐dependent pathways and leads to multiple biological effects, is considered the most ubiquitous profibrotic cytokine in progressive renal fibrosis.84, 85, 86 Among the Smads family, Smad4, one of the first batches of SUMOylation substrates discovered in the very early stages following the discovery of SUMO,87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92 is the central Smads mediator of TGF‐β signalling93 and eventually leads to significant enhancement of TGF‐β signalling. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and renal fibrosis.