It was first reported that the SUMOylation E2 UBC9 was expressed in the kidney.37 Then, SUMO4 was implicated in the pathology of diabetic nephropathy.31 Emerging evidence has indicated that SUMOylation and deSUMOylation have roles in more nephropathy diseases such as renal dysgenesis, renal carcinoma, glomerular disease, podocyte apoptosis, renal medulla hypertonicity, acute kidney injury, and nephrolithiasis38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44 (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene SUMO4 and diabetic kidney disease.