Additional prognostic biomarkers have been defined for AHSCT in AD, such as increased Treg frequencies and reduced inflammatory cytokine levels (IFN-γ and IL-12) in responsive Crohn's disease patients (37), increased frequencies of T and B cells expressing PD-1 in responsive MS patients (62), reduced levels of inflammatory markers (TNFR2, CXCL10, and GAL-9) in responsive juvenile dermatomyositis patients, and increased Treg numbers in long-term responsive T1D patients (26). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.