Additionally, pathway-focused gene expression analysis, using the Mouse Cancer Inflammation and Immunity Crosstalk RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays (Qiagen) containing 84 genes involved in inflammation and immunity (Supplementary Table 1) showed downregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il1a and upregulation of the chemokine receptors Ccr5 and Cxcr2 (Fig. 5f, g). This evidence concerns the gene IL1A and cancer.