In addition, the proinflammatory factors serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) (4.2 (4.6–7.8) pg/ml vs. 7.7 (4.3–41.5) pg/ml, p < 0.01) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (6.9 (0.7–14.7) pg/ml vs. 8.6 (7.3–15.4) pg/ml, p < 0.01) concentrations were higher in patients with cholestasis than in those without cholestasis (Table 1). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is cholestasis.