A number of the novel variants described here to associate with gallstone disease are at loci linked to Mendelian diseases: Interestingly, the hepatocyte nuclear factors HNF1A, HNF1B, and HNF4A are all linked to autosomal dominant forms of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY3, OMIM:600496; MODY5, OMIM:137920; and MODY1, OMIM:125850; respectively). The gene discussed is HNF4A; the disease is MODY.