Taken together, our study indicated that pretreatment with anti-IL-17A Abs could inhibit cognitive deficits following surgery, indicating that IL-17A was involved in surgery-induced cognitive decline.Neuroinflammation plays an important role in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and depression [37–39], and is believed to be a vital pathological mechanism of postoperative cognitive dysfunction [40]. This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.