These studies found that a limited number of genes, pathways, and functions are altered in pulmonary fibrosis, including TGF-β and WNT, as well as altered expression of ECM genes such as collagens, crosslinking enzymes, TIMPs, and MMPs, many of which have been shown to be functionally relevant in fibrogenesis by subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.