Levels of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich repeat-, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and caspase-1 are substantially elevated in the brains of AD patients (56, 58), and elevated expression of IL-1β and IL-18 initiates inflammatory processes in the brain of AD patients. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and Alzheimer disease.