Research (Xiao et al., 2017) indicates that the up-regulated transcription factor E2F1 and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β, an intact complex of E2F1) in astrocytomas and GBM were associated with the progression of glioma and correlated with LSH expression. Here, GSK3B is linked to astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).