Additionally, ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathways were reported to upregulate proinflammatory mediators such as C-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), chemokine CX motif ligand 2 (CXCL2), and MMP-9; all of which contribute to tumor growth and metastasis [218]. The gene discussed is MAPK3; the disease is neoplasm.