TNF and Alzheimer disease: Nevertheless, AD rats treatment with DHM (100 mg/kg) group and DHM (200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the serum and hippocampus levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in rats, and the reductions in the AD + DHM (200 mg/kg) group were much more evident than those in the former group (all P<0.05).