Among the selected chemokine genes, CCL5 (RANTES; chemoattractant for monocytes, memory T-helper cells, and eosinophils), CXCL10 (IP-10; chemoattractant for monocytes and T cells), and CXCL11 (IP-9; chemoattractant for interleukin-activated T cells) were highly up-regulated (60 to 90-fold change upon infection with wild-type Cal [NS1_low-PAX_high] virus) (Fig 5C). This evidence concerns the gene CCL5 and infection.