Furthermore, the transcriptomic changes of infected nasal epithelial cells revealed differential regulation of all 11 targets (CD38, HERC5, HERC6, IFI6, IFIH1, LGALS3BP, LY6E, MX1, PARP12, RTP4, and ZBP1) previously thought to be influenza-specific signatures (Andres-Terre et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene CD38 and influenza.