BCR and chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive: This fusion gene, from the t(9;22)(q34;q11) translocation observed in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), has been called the “Philadelphia chromosome”, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting BCR-ABL produced robust responses and clinical benefits against CML, opening the era of molecular-targeting treatments in cancer therapy [2].