Moreover, when we limited our population to T2D patients with normal albumin levels in urine, patients with higher urinary HCR had a higher risk of developing ERFD, indicating that the HCR may be a valuable clinical tool for predicting nephropathy before the appearance of urinary albumin (when limited to T2D patients with ACR < 30 mg/g (n = 226), the O.R. for developing ERFD was 4.15 (1.88, 9.16) when comparing individuals with higher HCR with those with lower HCR). The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is kidney disorder.