Besides its established activity as a pan-proteasome inhibitor, 1 has been demonstrated to (a) enhance apoptosis, suppress osteoclastogenesis, and inhibit invasion through suppression of the NF-κB pathway [45]; (b) interfere with NF-κB-Snail-RKIP causing downstream inhibition of antiapoptotic gene products and epithelial to mesenchymal transition [46,47]; (c) induce caspase-8 and ROS-dependent apoptosis in leukemia cells [48]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to leukemia.