Significantly improved renal function, reduced ATN scoring, more PCNA tubular cells and fewer TUNEL tubular cells were also observed using in vivo studies.76 Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) was thought to be a cytoprotective factor against AKI due to its important role in regeneration and proliferation of tubular epithelial cells.77, 78 Roudkenar et  al genetically manipulated MSCs to upregulate Lcn2. This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and acute kidney injury.