It has also been proven that during infection, tissue damage and different stresses, the nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B is activated and translocated to the nucleus and activates MAPKs such as p38 and JNK (8, 45), which in turn increases transcription of numerous inflammatory-related genes and increases synthesis of a range of proteins involved in the inflammatory response (45-47). Here, MAPK14 is linked to infection.