TGFB1 and neoplasm: •Pro-tumourigenic TAM (M2)•Secretes cytokines (TGF-β, IL-10, IL-8), growth factors (VEGF, EGF, PDGF), immunosuppressive molecules (FAP-a, HO-1), and ECM remodeling (MMP-9)•Direct immunosuppression of CD8+ T cells•Induces EMT•Enhance tumor cell migration and pre-metastatic niche•Promote angiogenesis and metastasis