INS and Insulin resistance: Insulin sensitivity changes that typically accompany aging on Earth and that gradually may progress to diabetes (a condition of decompensated insulin resistance) have been repeatedly reported as a consequence of space flight (Tobin et al., 2002; Hughson et al., 2016) and bed rest (Bergouignan et al., 2011) and assumed to be partly due to the cephalad fluid shift but especially dependent on unloading-related sarcopenia.