To further confirm the increase of UBE2D1 in hepatocellular carcinogenesis, we also measured its transcript level in normal hepatic tissues and hepatitis liver tissues without HCC to find that the upregulation of UBE2D1 was only in cancer cells but not in hepatitis cells (Fig. 1c), indicating UBE2D1 as a potential early HCC biomarker. The gene discussed is UBE2D1; the disease is hepatitis A virus infection.