Un-induced tumors treated with chloroquine and bortezomib and C/EBP-β LIP-induced tumors not treated with chloroquine and bortezomib had a comparable decrease in tumor cell proliferation, and a comparable increase in ER stress and apoptosis, as suggested by the staining for Ki67, CHOP and active caspase 3. Here, DDIT3 is linked to neoplasm.