SOST and diabetes mellitus: Simple linear regression analysis found DM (r = 0.228, p = 0.019), age (r = 0.366, p < 0.001), SBP (r = 0.334, p = 0.001), BUN (r = 0.243, p = 0.013), creatinine (r = 0.369, p < 0.001), iPTH (r = 0.291, p = 0.003), and sclerostin levels (r = 0.392, p < 0.001) to be positively correlated with cfPWV values, whereas HDL-C (r = − 0.267, p = 0.006), eGFR (r = − 0.335, p < 0.001) was negatively correlated with cfPWV values.