Levels of p-STAT3 have been shown to be elevated in the bleomycin mouse model and in patients with IPF [19,20,67], and were recently observed to be overexpressed in the nucleus of myofibroblasts, alveolar macrophages and of AECIIs adjacent to fibroblast foci, while being absent in non-fibrotic healthy control lungs [20]. The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.