RAF1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In pcDNA3.1-transfected HCC cells, the protein expression levels of P-c-Raf(Ser259) (0.70 ± 0.05 vs 0.49 ± 0.16), P-PTEN(Ser380) (0.85 ± 0.46 vs 0.52 ± 0.43), P-PDK1(Ser241) (0.86 ± 0.11 vs 0.56 ± 0.27), P-AKT(Ser473) (1.07 ± 0.46 vs 0.64 ± 0.32) and AKT(pan) (1.22 ± 0.41 vs 1.03 ± 0.22) were not different between the LY294002 and DMSO treatment groups (p > 0.05, n = 3), and the protein expression levels of P-GSK-3β(Ser9) (1.13 ± 0.42 vs 0.31 ± 0.23) and P-AKT(Thr308) (1.09 ± 0.46 vs 0.72 ± 0.48) were decreased significantly by LY294002 treatment (p < 0.05, n = 3) (Fig. 6b).