HIF1A and Epstein-Barr virus infection: We also compared the degradation rate of HIF-1α in EBV-negative and EBV-positive CNE2 cells and the results suggested that the presence of EBV did not decelerate HIF-1α degradation; besides, HIF-1α hydroxylation, which is required for the interaction with VHL E3 ubiquitin ligase, was not inhibited by EBV infection, suggesting that EBV does not contribute to HIF-1α stabilization (Supplementary Fig. 5e).