Mutations in genes such as BRCA1/2 are likely to contribute to the high familial risk of second breast and ovarian cancers,21, 22 as well as the risk of pancreatic cancer and melanoma.23 Hormonal level and reproductive factors may also contribute to the increased familial risk of breast, ovarian and endometrial cancers. This evidence concerns the gene BRCA1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.