In summary, this study strongly suggests a favorable effect of cinacalcet in DPN by enhancing the [Ca++]i-CaMKKβ-LKB1 pathway and its downstream effectors AMPK-PGC-1α-eNOS, which may prevent the sciatic nerve injury from diabetes-induced oxidative stress through not only decreased apoptosis but also increased autophagy activity (Fig. 9). Here, PPARGC1A is linked to diabetes mellitus.