NPM1 and cancer: Although AML genomes were shown to harbor fewer mutations than most other adult cancers, nearly all AML samples had at least 1 nonsynonymous mutation in one of nine categories of genes that are potentially relevant for pathogenesis, including transcription-factor fusions, nucleophosmin (NPM1), tumor suppressor genes, DNA methylation-related genes, and chromatin-modifying genes, suggesting that a complex interplay of genetic events contributes to AML development in individual patients.