Because of inherent limitations of gene expression profiles, other approaches, such as flow cytometry, quantitative immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing for T cell antigen receptors or similar technologies (multiplex quantitative PCR, spectratyping and immune phenotyping) are recommended to thoroughly characterize the immunological landscape of the TME and to establish predictive models [23], as recently reviewed by the Immune Biomarkers Task Force of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) [41]. The gene discussed is TARP; the disease is cancer.