APP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In the present study, cytosolic aggregates of TDP-43 and accumulation of the microtubule-associated protein tau and APP within degenerating neurons of the hippocampus accompanied by multiple functional impairments, all of which represent the characteristics of ALS/PDC, were observed after L-BMAA treatment and then alleviated by combined treatment with C16+Ang-1 and L-serine.