To further elucidate the relationships among functional phenotype of Tregs, their maturation status and risk of allergy development, we analysed Tregs and compared their populations as well as chosen surface (CTLA-4, PD-1, GITR) and intracellular (IL-10, TGF-β) markers of Tregs in cord blood of new-borns of allergic mothers (children with a relatively high risk of allergy development) and of healthy mothers (low-risk children). The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is allergic disease.