ΔNp63 is an activator of squamous differentiation and is generally thought to function as an oncogene in SCC (Watanabe et al., 2014), so the increased levels of ΔNp63 when Nkx2-1;Foxa1/2 deletion occurs in established lesions (Figures 5–6) vs. at tumor initiation (Figure 3) are likely to be one major factor that dictates whether cells adopt an SCJ-like vs. SCC fate. This evidence concerns the gene FOXA1 and neoplasm.