FoxP3 plays an important role in regulatory T-cell (T-reg) function, development and maintenance.21 T-reg cells have been implicated in the suppression of T-cell activation, proliferation and cytokine production.22,23 Dysregulated T-reg cell expression has been associated with a number of pathological conditions including cancer, infectious and autoimmune diseases.21 In the current study, the expression of FoxP3 in HIV-positive NHL patients on ART was significantly downregulated as compared to HIV-negative NHL patients as well as when compared to ART-treated HIV-positive patients. The gene discussed is FOXP3; the disease is cancer.