CD38 and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: CD8+CD38+ expression (%) was significantly upregulated in HIV-positive NHL patients on ART (HIV-1+NHL) as compared to ART-treated HIV-positive patients (HIV-1+ ART) (Mean ± s.d.: 10.8 ± 7.80 vs. 7.36 ± 6.90; p = 0.0104) (Figure 1).