Among them, the type 4 secretion system (T4SS)-translocated CagA oncoprotein and the VacA cytotoxin are the best recognized, and infection with strains harboring the most pathogenic variants of these factors are associated with greater intensities of gastric inflammation, and with increased risk for developing gastric premalignant lesions, and gastric cancer (Atherton et al., 1995; Figueiredo et al., 2002; Gonzalez et al., 2011). The gene discussed is S100A8; the disease is infection.