Although administrations of molecularly targetted therapies (especially tyrosine kinase inhibitors targetting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)) [3,4] and immune checkpoint inhibitors (including antibodies against programmed death-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4) [5] have achieved profound therapeutic management of advanced lung cancer [6], it remains the most common cause of cancer-related deaths all over the world [7] due to invasion, migration, and acquired resistance to anti-cancer drugs [8]. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and cancer.