Among African Americans, the APOL1 gene has been propounded as a risk locus for chronic kidney disease [54] and West Africans, among whom small vessel disease strokes are the commonest stroke phenotype, have the highest frequencies of APOL1-associated kidney variants on the globe with the Akans of Ghana [55] reporting 43.6% and that among the Yorubas of Nigeria [37,38] being 34.2%. Here, APOL1 is linked to chronic kidney disease.