APOL1 and kidney disorder: While the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) [56], Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) [57] found evidence linking APOL1 variants to adverse CVD events such as strokes, the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) [58], the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) [59], and African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) [60] in contrast found no such evidence highlighting the need for further studies to resolve this conundrum.