We also generated Il1r1−/− cDC-DTR mice to deplete cDC population upon diphtheria toxin (DT) administration, and found that cDC depletion at 4 days before YM infection did not change parasitemia and survival (Supplementary Fig. 4f), suggesting that cDCs are not responsible for early stage anti-malaria immunity. This evidence concerns the gene IL1R1 and infection.