To address this issue, we stimulated WT and Irf3−/− cDCs with malaria gDNA and RNA, in the absence or presence of anti-IFNAR antibody, and found that SOCS1 induction was markedly reduced in WT cDCs in the presence of anti-IFNAR antibody, and completely abolished in Irf3−/− cDCs regardless of anti-IFNAR antibody treatment (Fig. 6j). The gene discussed is IRF3; the disease is malaria.