We found that IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA, as well as protein levels of mature IL-1β (p17) and cleaved fragment of pro-caspase-1 (p10) were significantly increased at 18 h post infection (p.i.)(Fig. 1a, b), suggesting that inflammasome signaling was activated at early stage of YM infection. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is infection.