INS and diabetes mellitus: To reduce the risk of long-term complications, people with diabetes aim for optimal blood glucose control, which requires self-monitoring of blood glucose levels at least four times daily, injection of rapid-acting insulin before every meal and of long-acting insulin before night (or by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion by insulin pump), and adjustment of insulin dose based on food (carbohydrate) intake, actual glucose levels, intended physical activity, and experience (self-management) [2].