ProCUrE +ve status was significantly associated with PCa positive biopsies in both the training (Additional file 2: Figure S1A) and validation cohorts (Fig. 3a) (χ2p < 0.01) while age-adjusted PSA (see definition in the “Material and methods” section) [15, 16] was not (Fig. 3a; χ2p > 0.05). The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.