Furthermore, recent studies reported that mTOR pathway was activated in hepatic cell lines due to the HCV infection in vitro [42] and drugs targeting mTOR pathway inhibit fibrosis in rat livers treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) [43,44], indicating the potential association of mTOR pathway with the risk factors of HCCs other than NASH inducing fibrosis. The gene discussed is MTOR; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.