Through the production of vast amounts of cytokines of both Th1 pro-inflammatory (e.g., interferon γ; IFN-γ, or tumor necrosis factor α; TNF-α) and Th2 anti-inflammatory (e.g., interleukins (IL), such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13) responses followed by downstream activation of natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and conventional T cells, iNKT cells bridge the innate and adaptive immunity and affect both MHC-I positive and negative tumor cells, which are the targets for CTL and NK cell lysis, respectively. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.