Several studies have shown that NSE yields a reliable estimate of the severity of neuronal injury as well as clinical outcome of patients with serious clinical manifestations such as in cases of stroke, head injury, anoxic encephalopathy, encephalitis, brain metastasis, and status epilepticus (Lima, Takayanagui, Garcia, & Leite, 2004). The gene discussed is ENO2; the disease is viral encephalitis.