PDLIM5 and heart failure: Human TES consists of a PET domain (discovered in a few proteins whose activity remains unknown) and three tandemly arranged LIM domains (protein interaction motifs that bind various distinct proteins).6, 7 It is widely accepted that LIM domain proteins are essential modulators of cell proliferation, fate determination, differentiation, and the remodelling of the cytoskeleton.17, 18, 19 Increasing proof has suggested that proteins with LIM domains are crucial in pathological conditions in hearts including cardiac hypertrophy, ischemic injury, and heart failure.