This suggests that the strong pro-inflammatory IFNγ-mediated immune response induced by the T. brucei infection aided the clearance of Brucella. Thus, although infections with T. brucei can induce significant levels of immunosuppression and immunopathology, this study shows that under some circumstances the host's response to T. brucei infection may provide protection against co-infection with other pathogens (41). Here, IFNG is linked to infection.