In univariate logistic regression analysis, we identified 14 clinical variables that were associated with UP (Table 2), including body mass index, DM, hepatitis C virus infection, HD duration, hemodiafiltration, Kt/Vurea, normalized protein catabolism rate, non-anuria status, serum albumin level, log intact parathyroid hormone, serum levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein, log Al and serum Al level ≥2 ug/dL. This evidence concerns the gene ALB and hepatitis C virus infection.