TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: We analyzed mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), as well as the fibrosis markers TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1), collagen type 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in liver tissue from mice from both the NASH (Fig. 4A) and the fibrosis studies (Fig. 4B).