TNF and heart failure: The role of inflammation in HF was first described in 1990 by Levine et al., who established a correlation with the cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), which was further evolved in the “Cytokine Hypothesis of Heart Failure” [10,11], in which a precipitating event could trigger elaboration of proinflammatory cytokines, accelerating the progression of HF [10,12].