In conclusion, besides the importance given to pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the outcome of HAM/TSP, we could not affirm that TNFA-308G/A, IL6-174G/C, IFNG + 874 T/A, TGFB at the codons + 10 T/C and + 25G/C, IL10-592C/A and -819C/T, and -1082A/G polymorphisms are related to either disease progression, even those related with the amount of secreted cytokines. Here, IFNG is linked to tropical spastic paraparesis.