While ATRX and DAXX have been shown to possess nucleosome deposition and remodeling activity in vitro (Drané et al., 2010; Lewis et al., 2010), in vivo studies have largely investigated the effects of ATRX or DAXX depletion at integrated reporter elements or viral genomes during late stage infection, after chromatin had already formed. The gene discussed is ATRX; the disease is infection.